Estableciendo las bases para prevenir el consumo temprano de alcohol: análisis de las actitudes de adolescentes de 12 a 14 años

Contenido principal del artículo

Carlos Teira
Alicia Risso

Resumen

En la actualidad, el consumo temprano de alcohol es una preocupación de salud pública por los problemas que puede ocasionar en los adolescentes, tanto a nivel físico, como social o psicológico. Por ello, la finalidad de este trabajo fue investigar sobre las actitudes subyacentes a los principales motivos de consumo de alcohol al comienzo de esa etapa evolutiva, ya que actúan como factores de riesgo de consumo prematuro. Para ello, se contó con una muestra de 181 adolescentes de ambos sexos residentes en la Comunidad Autónoma de Galicia, de entre 12 y 14 años de edad. La recogida de datos se realizó a partir de un cuestionario diseñado específicamente hoc para ser cubierto online, cuyas preguntas se agrupaban en tres dimensiones motivacionales: socialización, mejora y afrontamiento. El análisis de su consistencia interna mostró una elevada fiabilidad. Para el análisis de los resultados se hicieron contrastes de medias con pruebas post hoc y se estudiaron las correlaciones. Se observó que las variables que tienen una relación significativa con la evaluación afectiva de las expectativas o actitudes son la edad y la exposición previa al consumo y, en menor grado, el sexo. Además, se han podido detectar las dimensiones motivacionales y los ítems actitudinales concretos que pueden implicar un mayor riesgo de consumo futuro. Con esta información será posible desarrollar una propuesta metodológica de modelado de actitudes, que podría integrarse en programas de prevención destinados a evitar el consumo temprano de alcohol.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Detalles del artículo

Cómo citar
Teira, C., & Risso, A. (2020). Estableciendo las bases para prevenir el consumo temprano de alcohol: análisis de las actitudes de adolescentes de 12 a 14 años. Revista INFAD De Psicología. International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology., 1(2), 175–186. https://doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2020.n2.v1.1969
Sección
Artículos
Biografía del autor/a

Carlos Teira, Universidade da Coruña

Universidade da Coruña

Alicia Risso, Universidade da Coruña

Universidade da Coruña

Citas

Ajzen, I. (2005). Attitudes, personality and behavior. New York: Open University Press.

Ajzen I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes.

Academic Press, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T

Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Beerli-Palacio, A., Martín-Santana, J., Díaz-Meneses, G., Fernández-Monroy, M., & Galván-Sánchez, I. (2012). A model of attitudes, beliefs, emotions and values to explain the spanish youth street binge drinking phenomena. International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing, 9(2), 181-197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12208-012-0088-y

Bonomo, Y. A., Bowes, G., Coffey, C., Carlin, J. B., & Patton, G. C. (2004). Teenage drinking and the onset of alcohol dependence: A cohort study over seven years. Addiction, 99(12), 1520-1528. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00846.x

Bonomo, Y., Coffey, C., Wolfe, R., Lynskey, M., Bowes, G., & Patton, G. (2001). Adverse outcomes of alcohol use in adolescents. Addiction, 96(10), 1485-1496. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.9610148512.x

Brown, S. A., Tapert, S. F., Granholm, E., & Delis, D. C. (2000). Neurocognitive functioning of adolescents: Effects of protracted alcohol use. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 24(2), 164-171. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000374-200002000-00005

Camacho, L., Mezquita, L., Ibáñez, M. I., Moya, J., Villa, H., Viruela, A. M., & Ortet, G. (2013). Spanish adaptation of the expectancy questionnaire (EQ) about alcohol effects in adolescents. Psicothema, 25(4), 529-535. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2012.354

Copeland, A. L., Proctor, S. L., Terlecki, M. A., Kulesza, M., & Williamson, D. A. (2014). Do positive alcohol expectancies have a critical developmental period in pre-adolescents? Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 75(6), 945-952. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2014.75.945

De Houwer, J., Thomas, S., & Baeyens, F. (2001). Associative learning of likes and dislikes: A review of 25 years of research on human evaluative conditioning. Psychological Bulletin, 127(6), 853-869. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.127.6.853

Demant, J., & Schierff, L. M. (2017). Five typologies of alcohol and drug prevention programmes. A qualitative review of the content of alcohol and drug prevention programmes targeting adolescents. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 26(1), 32-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2017.1347147

Donovan, J. E. (2004). Adolescent alcohol initiation: A review of psychosocial risk factors. Journal of Adolescent Health, 35(6), 7-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X(04)00066-7

Dormal, V., Maurage, P., Lannoy, S., & D’Hondt, F. (2018). Positive attitude toward alcohol predicts actual consumption in young adults: An ecological implicit association test. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 79(5), 733-740. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2018.79.733

French, M. T., & Maclean, J. C. (2006). Underage alcohol use, delinquency, and criminal activity. Health Economics, 15(12), 1261-1281. https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.1126

García, N. D. & Jiménez, M.V. (2018). Consumo de alcohol, conducta antisocial e impulsividad en adolescentes españoles. Acta Colombiana de Psicología, 21(2), 121-130. https://doi.org/10.14718/ACP.2018.21.2.6

Geng, L., & Qian, B. (2011). Implicit and explicit cognition of chinese heroin abusers. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 39(4), 433-443. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2011.39.4.433

Guerri, C., & Pascual, M. (2010). Mechanisms involved in the neurotoxic, cognitive, and neurobehavioral effects of alcohol consumption during adolescence. Alcohol, 44(1), 15-26.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcohol.2009.10.003

Gmel, G., Rehm, J., & Kuntsche, E. (2003). Binge drinking in Europe: definitions, epidemiology, and consequences. Sucht, 49(2), 105-116. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1024/suc.2003.49.2.105

Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (1995). Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. Psychological Review, 102(1), 4–27. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.102.1.4

Hays, R. (1985). An integrated Value Expectancy theory of alcohol and other drug use. British Journal of Addiction, 80(4), 379-384. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1985.tb03009.x

Hingson, R. W., Heeren, T., Jamanka, A., & Howland, J. (2000). Age of drinking onset and unintentional injury involvement after drinking. Jama, 284(12), 1527-1533. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.284.12.1527

Hingson, R. W., Heeren, T., & Winter, M. R. (2006). Age at drinking onset and alcohol dependence: Age at onset, duration, and severity. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 160(7), 739-746. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.160.7.739

Houben, K., Schoenmakers, T. M., & Wiers, R. W. (2010). I didn’t feel like drinking but I don’t know why: The effects of evaluative conditioning on alcohol-related attitudes, craving and behavior. Addictive Behaviors, 35(12), 1161-1163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.08.012

Hu, X., Gawronski, B., & Balas, R. (2017). Propositional versus dual-process accounts of evaluative conditioning: II. The effectiveness of counter-conditioning and counter-instructions in changing implicit and explicit evaluations. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 8(8), 858-866. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550617691094

Kuntsche, E., Knibbe, R., Gmel, G., & Engels, R. (2005). Why do young people drink? A review of drinking motives. Clinical Psychology Review, 25(7), 841-861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2005.06.002

Kuntsche, E., & Müller, S. (2012). Why do young people start drinking? motives for first-time alcohol consumption and links to risky drinking in early adolescence. European Addiction Research, 18(1), 34-39. https://doi.org/10.1159/000333036

Kuntsche, S., Plant, M. L., Plant, M. A., Miller, P., & Gmel, G. (2008). Spreading or concentrating drinking occasions - who is most at risk? European Addiction Research, 14(2), 71-81. https://doi.org/10.1159/000113721

Lac, A., & Donaldson, C. D. (2016). Alcohol attitudes, motives, norms, and personality traits longitudinally classify nondrinkers, moderate drinkers, and binge drinkers using discriminant function analysis. Addictive behaviors, 61, 91-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.05.006

Larimer, M. E., & Cronce, J. M. (2002). Identification, prevention and treatment: A review of individual-focused

strategies to reduce problematic alcohol consumption by college students. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. Supplement, (14), 148-163. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsas.2002.s14.148

Lozano Galván, E. (2014). Consumo de tabaco y alcohol en jóvenes estudiantes de ciclo formativo. International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology, 1(1), 215 -228.

https://doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2014.n1.v1.365

McCambridge, J., & Strang, J. (2004). The efficacy of single session motivational interviewing in reducing drug consumption and perceptions of drug related risk and harm among young people: Results from a multi site cluster randomized trial. Addiction, 99(1), 39-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00564.x

McPherson, A., & Harris, L. M. (2013). Implicit and explicit attitudes to alcohol in alcohol dependent and non alcohol dependent samples. Journal of Psychopathology & Behavioral Assessment. 35, 389-393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-013-9345-6

Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social. (2017). Estrategia Nacional sobre Adicciones 2017-2024 (680-18-086-4). Disponible en: https://pnsd.sanidad.gob.es/pnsd/estrategiaNacional/home.htm

Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social. (2018). Encuesta sobre Uso de Drogas en Enseñanzas Secundarias en España (ESTUDES) 1994-2018. Disponible en:

https://pnsd.sanidad.gob.es/profesionales/sistemasInformacion/sistemaInformacion/encuestas_ESTUDES.htm

National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2003). Preventing Drug Use among Children and Asolescents. (No. 04-4212[A]). Disponible en: https://www.drugabuse.gov/sites/default/files/preventingdruguse_2.pdf

Nosek, B. A., & Smyth, F. L. (2007). A multitrait-multimethod validation of the implicit association test. Experimental Psychology, 54(1), 14-29. https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.54.1.14

Organización Panamericana de la Salud (2008). Alcohol y atención primaria de la salud. Washington. DC: OPS. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/alcohol_atencion_primaria.pdf

Patrick, M. E., Wray-Lake, L., Finlay, A. K., & Maggs, J. L. (2010). The long arm of expectancies: Adolescent alcohol expectancies predict adult alcohol use. Alcohol & Alcoholism, 45(1), 17-24. https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agp066

Pilatti, A., Godoy, J., & Brussino, S. (2011). Expectativas hacia el alcohol y consumo de alcohol en niños y adolescentes de Argentina. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 11(1), 13-32. https://www.ijpsy.com/volumen11/num1/280.html

Pilatti, A., Godoy, J. C., & Brussino, S. A. (2012). Análisis factorial confirmatorio del cuestionario de expectativas

hacia el alcohol para adolescentes (CEA-A). Acta Colombiana de Psicología, 15(2), 11-20. https://actacolombianapsicologia.ucatolica.edu.co/article/view/262

Rooke, S. E. (2008). Examining adolescent and adult substance use from a dual process cognitive perspective. (Doctoral Thesis). University of New England, Biddeford. https://rune.une.edu.au/web/handle/1959.11/4062

Tello, N., Bocage-Barthélémy, Y., Dandaba, M., Jaafari, N. & Chatard, A. (2018). Evaluative conditioning: A brief computer-delivered intervention to reduce college student drinking. Addictive Behaviors, 82, 14-18 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.02.018

Tiffany, S. T. (1990). A cognitive model of drug urges and drug-use behavior. Psychological Review, 97(2), 147-168. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.97.2.147

Wiers, R. W., Bartholow, B. D., van den Wildenberg, E., Thush, C., Engels, R. C., Sher, K. J., . . . Stacy, A. W. (2007). Automatic and controlled processes and the development of addictive behaviors in adolescents: A review and a model. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 86(2), 263-283.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2006.09.021

World Health Organization (2018). Global status report on alcohol and health 2018: executive summary. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/312318

Zerhouni, O., Bègue, L., Comiran, F., & Wiers, R. W. (2018). Controlled and implicit processes in evaluative conditioning on implicit and explicit attitudes toward alcohol and intentions to drink. Addictive Behaviors, 76,335-342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.08.026