Autopercepción de la calidad del sueño durante la pandemia de COVID-19: Factores de riesgo y protección
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La situación derivada de la enfermedad por Coronavirus (COVID-19) y los sucesivos confinamientos ordenados para controlar la pandemia llevaron a problemas sin precedentes en diferentes aspectos del bienestar de las personas. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar los efectos agudos del primer confinamiento en la calidad del sueño autopercibida, así como los factores de riesgo y protectores que pueden modular este impacto. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1,275 encuestados con edades entre 18 y 55 años. Los participantes fueron reclutados durante el primer confinamiento por COVID-19 en España. Se les evaluó en relación con sus problemas de sueño autoinformados antes y durante el confinamiento, así como en otras áreas relacionadas con el impacto del confinamiento (por ejemplo, en la dieta, la actividad física o el uso de medios digitales), estados psicológicos (afecto positivo y negativo) y rasgos (impulsividad). La mayoría de los participantes (66.7%) informaron de una disminución en la calidad del sueño percibida durante la pandemia. Los análisis correlacionales mostraron que mantener buenos niveles deactividad físicaycalidad dela dieta durantela pandemiaestaban positivamente asociados con la calidad del sueño; además, niveles mayores de afecto positivo, vivir en hogares más grandes durante el confinamiento y la edad también estaban positivamente asociados con la calidad del sueño. Por el contrario, el afecto negativo, el ser mujer y el impacto de la pandemia en varios dominios (salud mental, calidad de las relaciones, finanzas personales y el uso de medios digitales) estaban negativamente relacionados con la calidad del sueño percibida. Así pues, esta investigación sustenta el impacto de la pandemia de COVID- 19 en la calidad del sueño percibida y proporciona una base preliminar para identificar factores protectores y de riesgo que contribuyen a la calidad del sueño durante el confinamiento y otras situaciones de estrés.
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