Apoyo docente y rechazo escolar: diferencias y capacidad predictiva en adolescentes

Contenido principal del artículo

María Pérez Marco
Andrea Fuster
Luana Sorrenti

Resumen

La asistencia escolar regular resulta esencial para el desarrollo académico, social y emocional de los adolescentes. Bajo el constructor de problemas de asistencia escolar, se agrupan diversas manifestaciones de inasistencia, destacando el absentismo injustificado por su elevada prevalencia, afectando aproximadamente al 30% del alumnado a nivel internacional. Dentro del contexto escolar, el clima percibido y, en particular, el apoyo del profesorado, adquieren un papel clave en la prevención de la no asistencia por razones injustificadas. En este marco, el presente estudio analiza las diferencias en la percepción del apoyo docente entre estudiantes con altos y bajos niveles de absentismo, así como su capacidad predictiva para anticipar la presencia de elevados niveles de inasistencia. ¿Con una muestra de 724 estudiantes españoles, se evaluó el apoyo percibido del profesorado mediante el cuestionario What’s Happening In This School? (WHITS) y la no asistencia escolar por faltas injustificadas a través del Assessing Reasons for School Non-attendance (ARSNA). Los resultados revelaron que los adolescentes con mayores niveles de absentismo injustificado percibían un apoyo docente significativamente menor, y que dicha percepción predecía una mayor probabilidad de presentar inasistencia injustificada. Estos hallazgos subrayan la función protectora del apoyo docente frente al absentismo y su influencia positiva en el bienestar estudiantil. Se destaca la necesidad de promover estrategias educativas que fortalezcan los vínculos afectivos y socioemocionales entre profesorado y alumnado. A pesar de las limitaciones inherentes al diseño transversal y al uso de autoinformes, los resultados refuerzan la importancia de incluir la mejora del clima escolar, y en particular del apoyo docente, en las políticas de prevención del absentismo injustificado en contextos educativos.

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Artículos

Biografía del autor/a

María Pérez Marco, Universidad de Alicante (España)

Universidad de Alicante (España)

Andrea Fuster, Universidad de Alicante (España)

Universidad de Alicante (España)

Luana Sorrenti, Universita Degli Studi di Messina (Italia).

Universita Degli Studi di Messina (Italia).

Cómo citar

Apoyo docente y rechazo escolar: diferencias y capacidad predictiva en adolescentes. (2025). Revista INFAD De Psicología. International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology., 1(1), 377-386. https://doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2025.n1.v1.2836

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