Attitude to forgive scale.
Main Article Content
Abstract
The forgiveness takes up an important place within the current Clinical Psychology and specifically in the therapeutic interventions. This research presents the construction of a scale designed to assess youth and adult’s attitude to forgive, with the future intention of applying to women victims of gender violence. The main objective was to create an instrument that would measure the forgiveness in all its dimensions (situational, “for other” and “for oneself”) and different types of responses that integrate this construct (cognitive, emotional, and behavioral). The process is started with the selection of items that were revised by experts, resulting a scale composed by 26 items that was applied to a sample of 800 people, mostly family and friends of students of the University of Jaén. The instrument shows adequate levels of reliability and validity, showing its relationship with other scales such as the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS). The application of the scale can help to supplement future studies on forgiveness and provide a tool for professionals working with people who have been damaged or offended. The forgiveness and the management of empathy improvement have become key elements in this kind of therapy.
Downloads
Article Details
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License
References
Allemand, M., Amberg, I., Zimprich, D. y Fincham, F. D. (2007). The role of trait forgiveness and relationship satisfaction in episodic forgiveness. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 26, 199- 217.
Bachman, G. F. y Guerrero, L. K. (2006). Forgiveness, apology, and communicative responses to hurtful events. Communication Reports, 19, 45-56.
Berry, J. W., Worthington, E. L., Parrot, L., O
Berry, J. W., Worthington, E. L., Parrot, L., O
Cann, A. y Baucom, T. R. (2004). Former partners and new rivals as threats to a relationship: Infidelity type, gender, and commitment as factors related to distress and forgiveness. Personal Relationships, 11, 305-318.
Fincham, F. D., Hall, J. y Beach, S. R. (2006). Forgiveness in marriage: current status and future directions. Family Relations, 55, 415-422.
Fincham, F. D., Jackson, H. y Beach, S. R. H. (2005). Transgression severity and forgiveness: Different moderators for objective and subjective severity. Journal of Social y Clinical Psychology, 24(6), 860-875.
Gordon, K. C. y Baucom, D. H. (2003). Forgiveness and marriage: preliminary support for a measure based on a model of recovery from a marital betrayal. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 31, 179-199.
Guzmán, M. (2010). El Perdón en Relaciones Cercanas: Conceptualización desde una Perspectiva Psicológica e Implicancias para la Práctica Clínica . Psykhe, 19(1), 19-30.
Guzmán, M., Tapia, M. J., Tejada, M. y Valenzuela, K. (2014). Evaluación del perdón en relaciones de pareja: propiedades psicométricas del Transgressions-Related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory (TRIM-18) en un contexto chileno. Psykhe, 23(2), 1-12.
Hall, J. H. y Fincham, F. D. (2006). Relationship dissolution following infidelity: The roles of attributions and forgiveness. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 25, 508-522.
Hargrave, T. D. y Sells, J. N. (1997). The development of a forgiveness scale. Journal of Marital y Family Therapy, 23, 41-62.
Hodgson, L. K. y Wertheim, E. H. (2007). Does good emotion management aid forgiving? Multiple dimensions of empathy, emotion management and forgiveness of self and others. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 24, 931-949.
Kachadourian, L. K., Fincham, F. y Davila, J. (2004). The tendency to forgive in dating and married couples: the role of attachment and relationship satisfaction. Personal Relationships, 11, 373-393.
Lawler-Row, K., Scott, C.A., Raines, R. L., Edlis-Matityahou, M. y Moore, E. W. (2007). The Varieties of Forgiveness Experience: Working toward a Comprehensive Definition of Forgiveness. Journal of Religion and Health, 46(2), 233-248.
Lawler-Row, K. A., Younger, J. W., Piferi, R. L. y Jones, W. H. (2006). The role of adult attachment style in forgiveness following an interpersonal offense. Journal of Counseling and Development, 84, 493-502.
Miller, A. J., Worthington, J. R. y McDaniel, M. A. (2008). Gender and forgiveness: a meta-analitic review and research agenda. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 27(8), 843-876.
McCullough, M. E. (2001). Forgiveness: Who does it and how do they do it? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10(6).
McCullough, M. E., Rachal, K. C., Sandage, S. J., Worthington, E. L., Brown, S. W. y Hight, T. L. (1998). Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships: II. Theoretical elaboration and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 1586-1603.
McCullough, M. E., Root, L. M. y Cohen, A. D. (2006). Writing about the benefits of an interpersonal transgression facilitates forgiveness. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 887-897.
McCullough, M. E. y Witvliet, C. V. O. (2002). The psychology of forgiveness. En C. R. Snyder y S.J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (2n ed., pp. 446-455). New York: Oxford University Press.
McCullough, M. E., Worthington, E. L. y Rachal, K. C. (1997). Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 321-336.
Montes-Berges, B. (2009). Patrones de comunicación, diferenciación y satisfacción en la relación de pareja: Validación y análisis de estas escalas en muestras españolas. Anales de Psicología,25(2), 288-298.
Orathinkal, J., Vansteenwegen, A. & Burggraeve, R. (2008). Are demographics important for forgiveness? The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 16, 20-27.
Paleari, F. G., Regalia, C. y Fincham, F. D. (2009). Measuring offence-specific forgiveness in marriage: The Marital Offence-Specific Forgiveness Scale (MOFS). Psychological Assessment, 21,194-209.
Penn, C. E. (2002). An exploratory study of female partner aggression: The role of relationship dynamics. Master of Science in Human Development. Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute.
Prieto-Ursúa, M., Carrasco, M. J., Cagigal, V., Gismero, E., Martínez, M. P. y Muñoz, I. (2012). El perdón como herramienta clínica en terapia individual y de pareja. Clínica Contemporánea, 3, 121-134.
Rizkalla, L., Wertheim, E. H. y Hodgson, L. K. (2008). The roles of emotion management and perspective taking in individuals
Rye, M. S. y Pargament, K. I. (2002). Forgiveness and romantic relationships in college: Can it heal the wounded heart? Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 419-441.
Schumm, W. R., Nichols, C. W., Schectman, K. I. y Grisby, C. C. (1983). Characteristics of responses to the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale by a sample of 84 married mothers. Psychological Reports, 53, 567-572.
Strelan, P. y Covic, T. (2006). A review of forgiveness process models and a coping framework to guide future research. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 25, 1059-1085.
Thompson, L. Y., Snyder, C. R., Hoffman, L., Michael, S. T., Rasmussen, H. N., Billings, L. S., Heinze, L., Neufeld, J. E., Shorey, H. S., Roberts, J. C, y Roberts, D. E. (2005). Dispositional forgiveness of self, others, and situations. Journal of Personality, 73, 313-359.
Tsang, J. A., McCullough, M. E. y Fincham, F. D. (2006). The longitudinal association between forgiveness and relationship closeness and commitment. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 25, 448-472.
Vázquez, M. A. y Montes-Berges, B. (2014). El perdón y la reincidencia en la violencia de género. Trabajo Tutelado de Investigación sin publicar.
Wade, N. G. y Worthington Jr., E. L. (2003). Overcoming interpersonal offenses: Is forgiveness the only way to deal with unforgiveness? Journal of Counseling and Development, 81, 343-353.
Yárnoz-Yaben, S. y Comino, P. (2012). Un instrumento para la evaluación del perdón en el ámbito del divorcio y la separación. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 12(1), 49-58.
Zechmeister, J. S., Garcia, S., Romero, C. y Vas, S. N. (2004). Don’t apologize unless you mean it: A laboratory investigation of forgiveness and retaliation. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 23, 532-564.