Study of attachment and empathy in university students

Article Sidebar

PDF (Português (Portugal))
Published: Jul 3, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2019.n1.v1.1425
Keywords:
attachment empathy university students

Main Article Content

José Correira Ferronha
Universidade Lusófona do Porto.
Natállia Pereira
Universidade Lusófona do Porto.
Rosa Costa
Universidade Lusófona do Porto.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze attachment and empathy in university students. The methodology used was quantitative and three evaluation instruments, already checked in previous researches for the Portuguese population, were used, and a sociodemographic questionnaire was also administered. The sample consisted of 183 1st degree students, who were divided into three areas of training, namely engineering, technology and sciences, law and political science, and psychology, education and sport. Statistical analysis in the test of Drawing circles representatives of familiar relationships made it possible to establish correlations between empathy and the perception of the relationship in childhood with the mothers, but not with the fathers. We found a lower level of empathy and personal discomfort in students who reported a disease occurrence in the last year, through the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, Davis - IRI, and, on the other hand, we found a positive relationship between Secure attachment and the auto perception of the level of perception of a good health. In insecure attachment type preoccupied, the students that had in the last year a disease, had a negative relation with the perception of the level of health in the questionnaire. Students from the field of psychology, education and sport courses had higher and statistically significant empathy values than students in the field of science, engineering and technology, in addition,
had a higher average value of empathy in the 1st year of the course, than in the 3rd year of the curriculum. We also found a statistically significant correlation between empathy and different types of insecure attachment, according to the Bartholomew typology identified in the Adult Attachment Scale (EVA) used.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
Correira Ferronha, J., Pereira, N., & Costa, R. (2019). Study of attachment and empathy in university students. International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD De Psicología., 1(1), 283–296. https://doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2019.n1.v1.1425
Issue
Vol. 1 No. 1 (2019): Psychological Positionig and Current World
Section
Articles
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
 
a. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format under the following terms:

 

Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.

NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.

NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.

 
b. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
 
c. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
 
The authors are responsible to obtain the appropriate permissions to reproduce material (text, images or graphics) from other publications and to quote their origin correctly.
 
Author Biographies

José Correira Ferronha, Universidade Lusófona do Porto.

Doutorado em Psicologia, Universidade de Badajoz, Pedopsiquiatra, Diretor do Gabinete Psicopedagógico e docente na Universidade Lusófona do Porto.

Natállia Pereira, Universidade Lusófona do Porto.

Doutorada em Ciências da Educação, Universidade da Coruña; Psicopedagoga, docente e Presidente do Gabinete de Apoio a Estudantes com Necessidades Educativas Especiais da Universidade Lusófona do Porto.

Rosa Costa, Universidade Lusófona do Porto.

Licenciada em Psicopedagogia Clínica, Universidade Lusófona do Porto; Psicopedagoga no Gabinete Psicopedagógico da Universidade Lusófona do Porto.

References

Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1989). Attachments beyond infancy. American Psychologist, 44, 709–716.

Bartholomew, K. (1990). Avoidance of intimacy: An Attachment Perspective. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, pp. 7: 147. Disponível em: http://spr.sagepub.com/content/7/2/147

Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment Styles among Young Adults: A Test of a Four-Category Model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 226-244.

Bowlby, J. (1960). Attachment. London: Penguin.

Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and Loss. Vol. 2. Separation. New York: Basic Books.

Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and Loss. Vol. 3. New York: Basic Books.

Canavarro, M. C. (1997). EVA – Escala de Vinculação do Adulto. Versão portuguesa de Adult Attachment Scale-R de Collins e Read (1990).

Canavarro, M. C. (1995). Desenho de Círculos Representativos da Família. Versão traduzida de Pipp, S., Shaver, P., Jennings, S., Lamborn S.& Fischer, K. W. (1985).

Canavarro, M. C., Dias, P. & Lima, V. (s/d) A Avaliação Da Vinculação Do Adulto: Uma Revisão Crítica A Propósito da Aplicação da Adult Attachment Scale-R (AAS-R) na População Portuguesa. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.mec.pt/pdf/psi/v20n1/v20n1a08.pdf, consultado em 24 de abril de 2019.

Cole, P. M, Martin, S. E. & Dennis (2004). Emotion Regulation as a Scientific Construct: Methodological Challenges and Directions for Child Develoment Research. Child Development, March/April 2004, Volume 75, Number 2, Pages 317 – 333. Disponível em http://local.psy.miami.edu/faculty/dmessinger/c_c/rsrcs/rdgs/emot/coleetal2004.pdf, consultado em 15 de abril de 2019.

Davis, M. H. (1980). A Multidimensional Approach to Individual Differences in Empathy. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 10, 85.

Davis, M. H. (1996). Empathy: A social psychological approach. Boulder, CO: Westview.

Davis, M. H. (2006). Empathy. In J. E. Stets & J. H. Turner (Eds.), Handbook of the sociology of emotions (pp. 443-466). New York: Springer.

Decety, J., & Ickes, W. (Eds.). (2009). The social neuroscience of empathy. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Decety, J., & Jackson, P. L. (2004). The functional architecture of human empathy.Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews, 3(2), 71-100.

Ferronha, C., Teixeira, E. & Souto, T. (2008). Vinculação em Adolescentes Toxicodependentes. INFAD Revista de Psicologia/ International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Nº 1, 191-200.

Ferronha, C., Almeida, A., Oliveira, L, Teixeira de Sousa, J & Sousa, V. (2014). Estudo da vinculação e da empatia em adolescentes institucionalizados com acompanhamento psicológico no PIAC (plano integrado de apoio à comunidade). International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD de Psicología., [S.l.], v. 1, n. 1, p. 327-338, sep. 2016. ISSN 2603-5987. Disponível em <https://revista.infad.eu/index.php/IJODAEP/article/view/378>. Doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2014.n1.v1.378.

Falcone, E. M. O. (1998). A avaliação de um programa de treinamento da empatia com universitários. Tese de Doutorado Não-Publicada, Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia Clínica. São Paulo: Universidade de São Paulo.

Falcone, E. (1999). A avaliação de um programa de treinamento da empatia com universitários. Revista Brasileira De Terapia Comportamental E Cognitiva, 1(1), 23-32. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.31505/rbtcc.v1i1.267

Fonagy, P. (2001). Attachment Theory and Psychoanalysis. Other Press. NY: United States.

Fontgalland, R. C., Moreira, V. & Melo, C. F. (2018). A experiência de ser empático para o psicoterapeuta humanista-fenomenológico iniciante. Arquivos Brasileiros de Psicologia, 70(1), 5-20. Disponível em: http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S180952672018000100002&lng=pt&tlng=pt, consultado em 24 de abril de 2019.

Glaser, K. M., Markham, F.W., Adler, H.M., McManus, P.R. & Hojat, M.. (2007). Relationships between scores on the Jefferson Scale of physician empathy, patient perceptions of physician empathy, and humanistic approaches to patient care: a validity study. Med. Sci Monit. Jul;13(7):CR 291-4.

Hojat, M. 1995. Empathy in Patient Care: Antecedents, Development, Measurement, and Outcomes. Pennsylvania: Springer.

Holland, R. Attachment is for life. Disponível em: https://www.attachmentisforlife.com/attachment

Gerdes, K. E., Segal, E. A. & Lietz, C. A. (2010). Conceptualizing and Measuring Empathy. British Journal of Social Work, 40, 2326–2343. Doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcq048.

Kestenbaum, R., Farber, A., & Sroufe, L. A. (1989). Individual differences in empathy among: Relation to Attachment history. In Eisenberg (Ed.), Empathy and related emotional responses: Nº 44. New directions for child development (pp.55-56). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass).

Khodabakhsh, R. M. (2012). Relationship of Attachment Styles with Empathy and Interpersonal Problems, Global Journal of Guidance & Counselling. 2, 14-20.

Limpo, T., Alves, R. A. & Castro, S. L. (2010). Medir a empatia: adaptação portuguesa do Índice de Reactividade Interpessoal. Laboratório de Psicologia, ISPA, 8(2), 171-184.

Pipp, S., Shaver, P., Jennings, S. S., Lamborn, S. & Fisher, K. W. (1985). Adolescents’ theories about the development of their relationships with parents. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 991-1001.

Rakel, D. P, Hoeft, Th. J., Barrett, B. P., Chewning, Craig, B.M & Niu, M. (2009). Practitioner Empathy and the Duration of the Common Cold. Family Medicine, Jul. Aug., 41(7): 494–501.

Schore, A. N. (2003). Affect Regulation and the Repair of the Self. New York: W.W. Norton Company, Inc.

Silva, N. F. F. (2014). Teoria da Vinculação. Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina. Disponível em: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/143404073.pdf, consultado em 24 de abril de 2019.

Simões, S. C. C, Farate, C. Soares, I &Duarte, J. (2013). Predição do Apego de Crianças em Função do Estilo Educativo Materno e do Tipo de Família. Disponível em: www.scielo.br/prc, consultado em 15 de abril de 2019.

Tan, A., Zimmerman,C. & Rodin, G. (2005). Interpersonal processes in palliative care an attachment perspetive on the patient clinician relationship. Palliative Medicine, Mar;19(2):143-50.

Titchener, E. B. (1909). Lectures of the Experimental Psychology of Thought Processes. New York: Macmillan.