Efficacy of gastric bypass in the fight against metabolic diseases: a systematic literature review

Abstract

Currently, obesity is one of the main public health problems, being considered a chronic disease and at the same time a risk factor for the development of other chronic diseases, it is associated with a set of metabolic alterations, namely arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Gastric bypass is a widely used surgery because it achieves losses of 40% of the initial weight, being performed by video-laparoscopy or by conventional route. Aim: Identify in the various scientific studies evidences that prove that in the scope of bariatric surgery, gastric bypass is an effective surgical method to fight metabolic diseases, namely arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This is study, designed according to the procedures of the systematic literature review, and guided by the PICO protocol and the following research question: “Is gastric bypass effective in combating metabolic diseases, namely hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus?” Results: Regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus there was a prevalence that varied from 25% to 86.8%. The data referring to arterial hypertension, in my study, the HTA varied from 12% to 99.5%. All analyzed articles concluded that gastric bypass is a good surgical method for weight loss and improving quality of life. Conclusion: In cases where behavioral changes and pharmacological therapy are ineffective, bariatric surgery has proved to be a key part in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension in obese individuals and may even cause complete remission. Gastric bypass proved to be a good surgical method, presenting results in terms of benefit / risk, with a high degree of effectiveness and low complications. Although it is effective it entails some risks requiring a personalized study for each patient in order to calculate the benefit / risk individually.