Gender identity and sexist attitudes of students from the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The internalization of sexist attitudes is closely linked to gender identity insofar as they influence our thoughts, emotions and behaviors in interpersonal and intergroup contexts. At present, gender identity does not respond to a dichotomous construction, at least apparently. However, this does not necessarily imply assuming that sexist attitudes have disappeared; rather they have been transformed, acquiring a more subtle and covert nuance. Thus, the analysis of gender identity and the prevalence of discriminatory attitudes based on gender constitute the starting point for developing socio-educational interventions on equality. This research analyzes gender identity and sexist attitudes in a sample of 1091 university students from the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. The objective is to examine the prevalence of discriminatory attitudes and their relationship to gender identity. The significant differences in the variables under study and the predictive capacity of gender identity regarding sexist attitudes that hinder the change towards effective equality are explored. In general terms, the results show that the prevalence of sexist attitudes oscillate between low and ambivalent levels, with similar results in benevolent sexism for both sexes and with a higher prevalence of hostile sexism in men, on the one hand; and that high identifications with the male or female gender lead to higher levels of hostile and benevolent sexism respectively, on the other. This study highlights the need to incorporate educational measures that contribute to gender equality in higher education.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License
References
Bizer , G. (2004). Attitudes. En Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology (pp. 245- 249).
Elsevier. doi:10.1016/B0-12-657410-3/00559-6
Bonilla, A. (2010). Psicología y género: significación de las diferencias. Dossiers Feministes, 14, 129-150.
Bourdieu, P. (2000). La dominacion masculina. Barcelona: Anagrama.
Brandt, M.J. (2011). Sexism and Gender Inequality Across 57 Societies. Psychological Science, 22(11), 1413-1418. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0956797611420445
Brinol, P., Falces, C. y Berrera, A. (2013). Actitudes. En J. F. Morales Domínguez, Psicologia social (3ª ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Delacollette, N., Dumont, M., Sarlet, M. y Dardenne, B. (2013). Benevolent sexism, Men’s advantages and the prescription of warmth to women. Sex Roles, 68(5), 296-310. doi:10.1007/s11199-012-0232-5
Esteban Ramiro, B. y Fernández Montaño, P. (2017). ¿Actitudes sexistas en jóvenes?: Exploración del sexismo ambivalente y neosexismo en población universitaria. FEMERIS: Revista Multidisciplinar de Estudios de Género, 2(2), 137-153. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/femeris.2017.3762
Fiske, S. T. (1993). Controlling other people. The impact of power on stereotyping. American Pychology 48(6), 621-628.
García de León, M. A. (2008a). Eje de la violencia simbólica la masculinidad. CDC Cuadernos De Comunicacion, (2), 50-57.
García de León, M. A. (2008b), Rebeldes Ilustradas: La Otra Transición. Anthropos Editorial.
Gill, M. J. (2004). When information does not deter stereotyping: Prescriptive stereotyping can foster bias under conditions that deter descriptive stereotyping. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 619–632. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2003.12.001.
Glick, P. y Fiske, S. T. (1996). The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 491-512.
Glick, P. y Fiske, S. T. (1997). Hostile and benevolent sexism: Measuring ambivalent sexist attitudes toward women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21(1), 119- 135. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00104.x
Glick, P., Lameiras, M., Fiske, S. T., Eckes, T., Masser, B., Volpato, C., Manganelli, A. M., Pek, J. C. X., Huang, L.-l., Sakalli-U urlu, N., Castro, Y. R., D’Avila Pereira, M. L., Willemsen, T. M., Brunner, A., Six-Materna, I., y Wells, R. (2004). Bad but Bold: Ambivalent Attitudes Toward Men Predict Gender Inequality in 16 Nations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(5), 713–728. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.86.5.713
Glick, P., y Fiske, S. T. (1999). The ambivalence toward men inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent beliefs about men. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 23(3), 519-536. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1999.tb00379.x
Glick, P., y Fiske, S. T. (2001a). Ambivalent sexism. En M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (pp. 115–188). Academic Press.
Glick, P., y Fiske, S. T. (2001b). Ambivalent stereotypes as legitimizing ideologies: Differentiating paternalistic and envious prejudice. En J. T. Jost y B. Major (Eds.), The psychology of legitimacy: Ideology, justice, and intergroup relations (pp. 278–306). Cambridge University Press.
Heilman, M. E. (2001). Description and prescription: How gender stereotypes prevent women’s ascent up the organizational ladder. Journal of Social Issues, 57, 657– 674. doi:10.1111/0022- 4537.00234.
Herrera, M. y Reicher, S. (2007). Categorización social y construcción de las categoría sociales. En J. F. Morales, M. Moya, E. Gaviria e I. Cuadrado (Coords), Psicologia social (3ª ed., pp. 169-194). Mc Graw-Hill.
López-Zafra, E. y López-Sáez, M. (2001). Por qué las mujeres se consideran más o menos femeninas y los hombres más o menos masculinos: explicaciones sobre su autoconcepto e identidad de género. Revista de Psicología Social, 16(2), 193– 207.
Morales, M. (2015). Clima Social y Variables Psicosociales de Genero en la Universidad de Las Palmas de GranCanaria [Tesis de doctorado no publicada]. Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.
Morales, M., Díaz, G. y Etopa, P. (2013). Identidad de género y sexismo en estudiantes de segundo de bachillerato del norte de Gran Canaria. International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology, 1(1),451- 456.
Prentice, D. A. y Carranza, E. (2002). What women and men should be, shouldn’t be, are allowed to be, and don’t have to be: The contents of prescriptive gender stereotypes. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 26, 269–281. doi:10.1111/1471- 6402.t01-1-00066.
Recio, P., Cuadrado, I. y Ramos, E. (2007). Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Detección de Sexismo enAdolescentes (DSA). Psicothema, 19(3),522-528.
Rocha, T. y Díaz, R. (2011) Desarrollo de una escala para la evaluación multifactorial de la identidad de género en población mexicana. Revista de Psicologia Social: International Journal of Social Psychology, 26(2), 191- 206
Rudman, L. A. y Glick, P. (2001). Prescriptive gender stereotypes and backlash toward agentic women. Journal of Social Issues, 57, 743– 762. doi:10.1111/0022- 4537.00239.
Tajfel, H. (1981). Human groups and social categories. Cambridge University Press. Ta demir, N. y Sakallı-U urlu, N. (2010). The relationships between am-bivalent sexism and religiosity among Turkish university students. Sex Roles, 62(7-8), 420-426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-009-9693-6