Systematic review on the influence of cognitive reserve in dementia and on the effectiveness of cognitive stimulation therapy
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Abstract
Cognitive Reserve (CR) is a brain mechanism that buffers the deterioration or condition due to an injury such as dementia, brain damage or the aging process itself. This reserve is composed of innate factors such as genetics or sex, and contextual factors such as educational level, work occupation, leisure and physical activity, among others. The first objective of this work was to relate CR to the development of dementia, both with its origin and with the development and progression of deterioration. The second objective was to analyze the influence that CR has on the effectiveness of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) and on the benefit of patients with Alzheimer’s disease(AD) or other dementiasthataretreated with thistechnique. A literature search was conducted in the main databases obtaining 202 studies. Finally, 9 studies were selected and included in the review. The results showed that having a high CR slows the deterioration caused by AD and other disorders and protects against their development. Furthermore, in those studies in which the influence of CR on the efficacy of ECT in subjects with impairment was analyzed, it was found that those with a high CR improved their pretestposttest performance. In conclusion, it is important to carry out new studies related to this area, in order to have an impact on early detection, prevention and improve the effectiveness of non-pharmacological treatments.
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