General sexual profile in individuals with problematic cybersex consumption

Main Article Content

Marta García Barba
Verónica Estruch García
Estefanía Ruiz Palomino
Mª Dolores Gil Llario
Jesús Castro Calvo
Rafael Ballester Arnal

Abstract

Introduction: Cybersex addiction is a term that lacks consensus regarding its classification and diagnostic criteria. The lack of knowledge about this disorder leads to stigmatizing people who suffer from it, considering, at best, that their addiction would be generalized to all their sexuality. Objective: Analyze the sexual profile of a group of men with problematic cybersex use. Methodology: 30 men aged 25-67 years (M=36.43; SD=8.28) who presented a profile of risk or addiction to cybersex measured through the ISST (Internet Sex Screening Test, Delmonico, 1997) and the CISEX Diagnostic Interview (Castro-Calvo et al., in preparation) who were seeking help for treatment participated. In addition, they completed other questionnaires on sociodemographic information and general sexuality. Results: 70% were heterosexualand 80% had astable partner. A 53.3% masturbated weekly without using internet, dedicating 1.86 hours/week (SD=1.64) and 73.3% had sexual relations with their stable partner (M=1.77 hours/week; SD=1.80). Other sexual behaviors such as relations with sporadic partners (13.3%), contact with sex workers (6.7%) or relations considered infidelity (0%) were infrequent among these individuals. In addition, they presented low discomfort with their offline sexual activities and high perceived control over these activities. Regarding paraphilic sexual preferences, between 80% and 36.7% were aroused to some extent by voyeurism, exhibitionism, or sadomasochism. Conclusions: In general, people with a problematic cybersex profile are heterosexual, with a stable partner and present non-pathological offline sexual behavior. However, sexual arousal in situations that can be considered paraphilic is frequent, which may be a sign of tolerance, characteristic of this disorder. These data show that there are people whose addiction is focused on cybersex, without affecting other areas of their sexuality.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
García Barba, M., Estruch García, V., Ruiz Palomino, E., Gil Llario, M. D., Castro Calvo, J., & Ballester Arnal, R. (2023). General sexual profile in individuals with problematic cybersex consumption. International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD De Psicología., 1(1), 315–324. https://doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2023.n1.v1.2532
Section
Articles
Author Biographies

Marta García Barba, Salusex. Departamento de Psicología Básica, Clínica y Psicobiología Universitat Jaume I de Castellón

Salusex. Departamento de Psicología Básica, Clínica y Psicobiología
Universitat Jaume I de Castellón

Verónica Estruch García, Salusex. Departamento de Psicología Básica, Clínica y Psicobiología Universitat Jaume I de Castellón

Salusex. Departamento de Psicología Básica, Clínica y Psicobiología
Universitat Jaume I de Castellón

Estefanía Ruiz Palomino, Salusex. Departamento de Psicología Básica, Clínica y Psicobiología Universitat Jaume I de Castellón

Salusex. Departamento de Psicología Básica, Clínica y Psicobiología
Universitat Jaume I de Castellón

Mª Dolores Gil Llario, Salusex. Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación Universitat de València.

Salusex. Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación
Universitat de València.

Jesús Castro Calvo, Salusex. Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamientos Psicológicos. Universitat de València

Salusex. Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamientos Psicológicos. Universitat de València

Rafael Ballester Arnal, Salusex. Departamento de Psicología Básica, Clínica y Psicobiología Universitat Jaume I de Castellón.

Salusex. Departamento de Psicología Básica, Clínica y Psicobiología
Universitat Jaume I de Castellón.

References

Ahlers, C. J., Schaefer, G. A., Mundt, I. A., Roll, S., Englert, H., Willich, S. N., & Beier, K. M. (2011). How unusual are the contents of paraphilias? Paraphilia associated sexual arousal patterns in a community based sample of men. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 8, 1362–1370. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01597.x

Ballester-Arnal, R., Gil-Llario, M. D., Gómez-Martínez, S., & Gil-Juliá, B. (2010). Propiedades psicométricas de un instrumento de evaluación de la adicción al cibersexo. Psicothema, 22(4), 1048-1053

Ballester-Arnal, R., Castro-Calvo, J., García-Barba, M., Ruiz-Palomino, E., & Gil-Llario, M. D. (2021). Problematic and non-problematic engagement in Online Sexual Activities across the lifespan. Computers in human behavior, 120, 106774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.106774

Ballester-Arnal, R., Castro-Calvo, J., Gil-Llario, M. D., & Giménez-García, C. (2014). Relationship status as an influence on cybersex activity: Cybersex, youth, and steady partner. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 40(5), 444-456. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2013.772549

Ballester-Arnal, R., García-Barba, M., Castro-Calvo, J., Giménez-García, C., Gil-Llario, M. D. (2022). Pornography Consumption in People of Different Age Groups: an Analysis Based on Gender, Contents, and Consequences. Sexuality Research and Social Policy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-022-00720-z

B the, B., Tóth-Király, I., Bella, N., Potenza, M. N., Demetrovics, Z., & Orosz, G. (2021). Why do people watch pornography? The motivational basis of pornography use. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 35(2), 172-186. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000603

B the, B., Tóth-Király, I., Zsila, Á., Griffiths, M. D., Demetrovics, Z., & Orosz, G. (2018). The development of the problematic pornography consumption scale (PPCS). The Journal of Sex Research, 55(3), 395-406. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2017.1291798

Carnes, P. (1991). Out of the Shadows: Understanding Sexual Addiction. CompCare Publishers.

Carnes, Patrick J., Delmonico, D. L., y Griffin, E. (2001). In the Shadows of the Net: Breaking Free of Compulsive Online Sexual Behavior. Minnesota: Hazelden

Cooper, A., Putnam, D. E., Planchon, L. A. & Boies, S. C. (1999). Online sexual compulsivity: Getting tangled in the net. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity: The Journal of Treatment and Prevention, 6, 79-104. https://doi.org/10.1080/10720169908400182

Delmonico, D. (1997). Internet Sex Screening Test. Recuperado de http://www.sexhelp.com

Dhuffar, M. K., & Griffiths, M. D. (2015). A systematic review of online sex addiction and clinical treatments using CONSORT evaluation. Current Addiction Reports, 2(2), 163-174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-015-0055-x

Dhuffar, M. K., & Griffiths, M. D. (2016). Barriers to female sex addiction treatment in the UK. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 5(4), 562-567. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.5.2016.072

García-Barba, M. (2022). Eficacia de un programa de intervención online para el tratamiento de la adicción al cibersexo [Tesis doctoral, Universitat Jaume I]. Repositorio institucional – Universitat Jaume I.

Giordano, A. L., & Cashwell, C. S. (2017). Cybersex addiction among college students: A prevalence study. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 24(1-2), 47-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10720162.2017.1287612

Goodman, A. (1992). Sexual addiction: designation and treatment. Journal of sex & marital therapy, 18(4), 303-314. https://doi.org/10.1080/00926239208412855

Goodman, A. (1998). Sexual addiction: The new frontier. The Counselor, 16(5), 17-26.

Ipsos (2021) LGTBI+ pride 2021 global survey. https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2021-06/lgbt-pride-2021- global-surveyipsos.pdf

Greenfield, D. & Orzack, M. (2002). The electronic bedroom: Clinical assessment of online sexual problems and Internet-enabled sexual behavior. En Al. Cooper (Ed.), Sex and the Internet: A guidebook for clinicians, (pp.129-145). Brunner-Routledge.

Joyal, C. C., & Carpentier, J. (2017). The prevalence of paraphilic interests and behaviors in the general population: A provincial survey. The journal of sex research, 54(2), 161-171. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2016.1139034

Kafka, M. P. (2010). Hypersexual disorder: A proposed diagnosis for DSM-V. Archives of sexual behavior, 39(2), 377-400. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-009-9574-7

Kafka, M.P. (2013). The development and evolution of the criteria for a newly proposed diagnosis for DSM-5: Hypersexual disorder. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 20, 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10720162.2013.768127

Kraus, S. W., & Sweeney, P. J. (2019). Hitting the target: Considerations for differential diagnosis when treating individuals for problematic use of pornography. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 48(2), 431-435. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-018-1301-9

Phillips, B., Hajela, R., & Hilton Jr, D. L. (2015). Sex addiction as a disease: Evidence for assessment, diagnosis, and response to critics. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 22(2), 167-192. https://doi.org/10.1080/10720162.2015.1036184

Rahman, Q., Xu, Y., Lippa, R. A., & Vasey, P. L. (2020). Prevalence of sexual orientation across 28 nations and its association with gender equality, economic development, and individualism. Archives of sexual behavior, 49(2), 595-606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-019-01590-0

Rosenberg, K.P., Carnes, P & O’Connor, S. (2014). Evaluation and Treatment of Sex Addiction. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 40(2), 77-91. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2012.701268

Ross, M. W., Månsson, S. A., & Daneback, K. (2012). Prevalence, severity, and correlates of problematic sexual Internet use in Swedish men and women. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41(2), 459-466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-011-9762-0

Southern, S. (2008). Treatment of compulsive cybersex behavior. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 31(4), 697-712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2008.06.003

Studer, J., Marmet, S., Wicki, M., & Gmel, G. (2019). Cybersex use and problematic cybersex use among young Swiss men: Associations with sociodemographic, sexual, and psychological factors. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 8(4), 794-803. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.8.2019.69

Young, K. (1999). Internet addiction: Evaluation and treatment. Student British Medical Journal, 7, 351-352. https://doi.org/10.1136/sbmj.9910351

World Health Organization (WHO) (2019). International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (11th ed.). WHO