Sex differences in Spaniard adolescents’ instrumental and expressive traits

Article Sidebar

PDF (Español (España))
Published: Oct 22, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2017.n1.v2.266
Keywords:
Instrumentality Expressiveness Sex differences Sexual role stereotypes

Main Article Content

María de la Paz Toldos-Romero
Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara
José Luis Rojas-Solís
Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
Javier Martín-Babarro
Universidad Complutense de Madrid España

Abstract

Extensive research has shown that people believe that men and women have different
personality traits characterizing women with “expressive” traits and men with “instrumental” traits. Because of the controversial nature of this topic, this research examines sex differences in the expressive and instrumental traits of 634 adolescents aged between 14 to 18 years, who answered the Personal Attributes Questionnaire (Spence, Helmreich and Stapp, 1974). The results show sex differences in self-identification with traditional values usually attributed to the other sex, also a change in the sex role stereotypes values, being the overcoming of the sexist stereotype clearer for girls who identified themselves with more instrumental traits.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
Toldos-Romero, M. de la P., Rojas-Solís, J. L., & Martín-Babarro, J. (2017). Sex differences in Spaniard adolescents’ instrumental and expressive traits. International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD De Psicología., 2(1), 561–570. https://doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2017.n1.v2.266
Issue
Vol. 2 No. 1 (2017): MONOGRAPH NO. 1. PSYCHOLOGY TODAY: CHALLENGES, ACHIEVEMENTS AND PERSPECTIVES OF THE FUTURE. ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY.
Section
Articles
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
 
a. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format under the following terms:

 

Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.

NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.

NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.

 
b. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
 
c. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
 
The authors are responsible to obtain the appropriate permissions to reproduce material (text, images or graphics) from other publications and to quote their origin correctly.
 

References

Bem, S. L. (1974). The measure of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42(2), 155-162. doi:10.1037/h0036215

Bem, S. L. (1981). Gender schema theory: A cognitive account of sex typing. Psychological Review, 88(4), 354-364. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.88.4.354

Bem, S. L. (1982). Gender schema theory and self-schema theory compared: A comment on Markus, Crane, Bernstein, and Siladi’s “self-schemas and gender”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43(6), 1192-1194. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.43.6.1192

Díaz-Aguado, M. J., Martínez Arias, R., Martín, G. y Toldos, M.P. (2001). Género, sexismo y expectativas sobre el futuro en el trabajo y en la pareja. En M. J. Díaz-Aguado y R. Martínez, (Coord.), La construcción de la igualdad y la prevención de la violencia contra la mujer desde la educación secundaria (pp. 235-285). Madrid. Instituto de la Mujer.

Finn, J. (1986). The relationship between sex role attitudes and attitudes supporting marital violence. Sex Roles, 14(5/6), 235-244. doi:10.1007/BF00287576

Gerber, G. L. (1989). Gender stereotypes: A new egalitarian couple emerges. En J. Offerman-Zuckerberg (Ed.), Gender in transition: A new frontier (pp. 47-66). New York: Plenum Medical Book Co.

Harter, S. (1990). Processes underlying adolescence self-concept formation. En R. Montemayor, G. R. Adams y T. P. Gullota (Eds.), From childhood to adolescence: A transitional period? (pp. 205-239). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Helmreich, R. L., Spence, J. T., y Wilhelm, J. A. (1981). A psychometric analysis of the Personal Attributes Questionnaire. Sex Roles, 7(11), 1097-1108. doi: 10.1007/BF00287587

Klein, E., Campbell, J., Soler, E., y Ghez, M. (1997). Ending domestic violence: Changing public perceptions/halting the epidemic. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Markus, H., Crane, M., Bersntein, S. y Siladi, M. (1982). Self-schemas and gender. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42(1), 38-50.

Pastorino, E., Dunham, R., Kidwell, J., Bacho, R., y Lamborn, S. (1997). Domain specific gender comparisons in identity development among college youth: Ideology and relationships. Adolescence, 32(127), 559-557.

Rodríguez, Y., Lameiras M., y Carrera, M. V. (2009). Análisis del espacio público versus privado en docentes no universitarios españoles. SUMMA Psicológica, 6(1), 15-24.

Rosenkrantz, P., Vogel, S., Bee, H., Broverman, I. y Broverman, D. M. (1968). Sex-role stereotypes and self-concepts in college students. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 32(3), 287-295. doi:10.1037/h0025909

Siverio, M. A. y García, M. D. (2007). Autopercepción de adaptación tristeza en la adolescencia: La influencia de género. Anales de Psicología, 23(1), 41-48.

Spence, J. T. (1983). Comment on Lubinsky, Tellegan and Butcher’s “maculinity, feminity and androgyny viewed and assessed as distinct concepts”. Journal of Personaliy and Social Psychology, 44, 440-446. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.44.2.440

Spence, J. T. (1993). Gender-related traits and gender ideology: Evidence for a multifactorial theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(4), 624-635.

Spence, J., y Buckner, C. (2000). Instrumental and expressive traits, trait stereotypes and sexist attitude: what do they signify? Psychology of Women Quarterly, 24(1), 44-62. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2000.tb01021.x

Spence, J. T., Helmreich, R. L., y Stapp. J. (1974). The Personal Attributes Questionnaire: A measure of sex role stereotypes and masculinity-femininity. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 4, 43-44.

Spence, J. T., Helmreich, W., y Stapp, J. (1975). Ratings of self and peers on sex role attributes and their relation to self-esteem and conceptions of masculinity and femininity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32(1), 29-39. doi:10.1037/h0076857

Straus, M. A., Kaufman, G., y Moore, D. W. (1997). Change in cultural norms approving marital violence from 1968 to 1994. En G. Kaufman y J. L. Jasinski (Eds.), Out of darkness: Contemporary perspectives on family violence (pp. 3-16). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Toldos M. P. (2002). Adolescencia, violencia y género (Tesis doctoral inédita). Facultad de Psicología. Universidad Complutense de Madrid.

Twenge, J. (1997). Changes in masculine and feminine traits over time: A meta-analysis. Sex Roles, 36(5/6), 305-325. doi:10.1007/BF02766650

Vergara, A. I., y Páez, D. (1993). Revisión teórico-metodológica de los instrumentos para la medición de la identidad de género. Revista de Psicología Social, 8(2), 132-152.