Tipología de explicaciones sobre fenómenos de biología y geología: un estudio exploratorio en educación secundaria

Contenido principal del artículo

Irene Ortega Giménez
Vicente Sanjosé López

Resumen

El presente estudio explora la calidad de las explicaciones que el alumnado de Educación Secundaria realizó sobre el efecto de las vacunas y el calentamiento global. Participó un total de 120 estudiantes de ambos sexos de 1º de ESO, 4º de ESO y 1º de Bachiller de la especialidad de Ciencias pertenecientes a tres centros educativos de Valencia (España). La tarea se enunció de un modo insesgado y sin información previa, mencionando el fenómeno y pidiendo su explicación. Los escritos del alumnado fueron analizados cualitativamente y categorizados usando un modelo previamente propuesto en la literatura especializada, en el que la causalidad es un elemento fundamental en una explicación científica. La calidad de las elaboraciones fue más baja de lo esperado. En general el alumnado de secundaria no considera, o no sabe cómo considerar, mecanismos causales complejos y, con frecuencia, tampoco simples, en sus explicaciones. Adicionalmente, el alumnado tampoco incluyó leyes o grandes ideas de la ciencia en sus explicaciones. Tampoco se observaron diferencias globales en la calidad de las explicaciones debidas al nivel académico. Todo ello alerta sobre la necesidad de atender con atención el desarrollo de esta importante destreza durante la educación científica en educación secundaria.

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Artículos

Biografía del autor/a

Irene Ortega Giménez, Universitat de València

Universitat de València

Vicente Sanjosé López, Universitat de València

Universitat de València

Cómo citar

Tipología de explicaciones sobre fenómenos de biología y geología: un estudio exploratorio en educación secundaria. (2025). Revista INFAD De Psicología. International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology., 1(1), 155-170. https://doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2025.n1.v1.2815

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