Interacción social y comunicación temprana en hermanos de niños con diagnóstico de trastorno del espectro autista: una revisión de la literatura
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Abstract
Los hermanos de niños con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) tienen un mayor riesgo que la media de la población infantil, entre un 5 y un 10%, de ser después diagnosticados con el trastorno. Por otra parte, algunos de estos hermanos han mostrado, independientemente de ser más tarde diagnosticados, tener dificultades en las interacciones sociales tempranas. ¿Son habituales este tipo de conductas, no necesariamente vinculadas al trastorno, en hermanos de niños con TEA? En el presente trabajo se plantea una revisión bibliográfica para explorar los hallazgos más recientes en respuesta a este interrogante. Las principales conclusiones apuntan a un patrón de comunicación temprana diferente, o con la presencia de dificultades en áreas como la atención conjunta, el lenguaje, la gestualidad o el juego, observable ya a partir del segundo trimestre de vida. Este perfil comunicativo se conoce con el nombre de “fenotipo amplio de autismo” (Broader Autism Phenotype, BAP).
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