Ejercicio físico como herramienta para el tratamiento de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria
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Abstract
Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) engloban aquellas patologías en las que la obsesión por la delgadez y el miedo a la obesidad condicionan la aparición de un patrón de alimentación inadecuado y de conductas patológicas ligadas al control del peso. El ejercicio ha sido históricamente considerado como uno de los síntomas en esta enfermedad, y por ello se ha excluido como tratamiento en estos pacientes. Dentro de los TCA, podemos observar un comportamiento problemático al ejercicio (ejercicio compulsivo) y no necesariamente se da en todos los pacientes que sufren esta patología. Hay evidencia de que la participación en programas de ejercicios estructurados y supervisados (ejercicios de alta intensidad o yoga) puede ser de gran utilidad en esta población clínica, ya que reduce la psicopatología, mejora la fuerza muscular, la calidad de vida, el bienestar psicológico y facilita el cumplimiento y la adherencia al tratamiento.
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