Autoconhecimento: uma breve revisão narrativa

Contenido principal del artículo

Maria João Carapeto

Resumen

No final do século XIX, William James escreveu um dos primeiros e mais inspiradores documentos sobre o autoconhecimento da história da psicologia moderna. No entanto, só meados do século XX a literatura do autoconceito coloca definitivamente o autoconhecimento como tema de investigação científica sistemática. Desde então, a investigação não tem parado e, especialmente dos anos 80 do século XX em diante, importantes contributos têm vindo abrir novas direções até à atualidade. Apresenta-se aqui uma revisão narrativa não exaustiva de alguns desses contributos e novas direções. Entre outros, aborda-se a multiplicidade e a diversidade das representações que construímos sobre nós próprios; a sua organização estrutural, da estrutura como forma estática e reificada às concetualizações mais recentes de uma estrutura dinâmica; a estabilidade do autoconhecimento mas também a sua variabilidade; ou a relação do autoconhecimento com a adaptação ou as suas funções adaptativas; e uma nota sobre alguns dos contributos recentes das neurociências cognitivas. Em conclusão, a investigação e as teorias do autoconhecimento têm vindo a esboçar trajetórias de conciliação com a complexidade da experiência de si mesmo de cada indivíduo e com a riqueza conceptual dos primeiros autores, muito se devendo aos avanços também registados ao nível das metodologias de investigação e análise de dados. 

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Detalles del artículo

Cómo citar
Carapeto, M. J. . (2021). Autoconhecimento: uma breve revisão narrativa. Revista INFAD De Psicología. International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology., 2(2), 237–244. https://doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2021.n2.v2.2230
Sección
Artículos

Citas

Allport, G. W. (1955). Becoming. Basic considerations for a psychology of personality. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Aron, A., & McLaughlin-Volpe, T. (2001). Including others in the self. Extensions to own and partner’s group membership. In C. Sedikides & M. B. Brewer (Eds.). Individual Self, Relational Self, Collective Self (pp. 89-108). Philadelphia, USA: Psychology Press.

Baumeister, R. F. (1987). How the self became a problem: A psychological review of historical research. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(1), 163.

Baumeister, R. F., Campbell, J. D., Krueger, J. I. & Vohs, K. D. (2003). Does high self-esteem cause better performance, interpersonal success, happiness, or healthier lifestyles?. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 4, 1-44.

Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F. & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive Therapy of Depression. New York: Guilford.

Bosma, H. A. & Kunnen; E. S. (Eds.) (2001). Identity and Emotion: Development Through Self-Organization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Bracken, B. A. (Ed.) (1996). Handbook of Self-Concept: Developmental, Social, and Clinical Considerations. New York: Wiley.

Byrne, B. M. (2002). Validating the measurement and structure of self-concept: snapshots of past, present, and future research. American Psychologist, 57(11), 897. Doi:10.1037/0003-066X.57.11.897

Campbell, J. D., Assanand, S. & Paula, A. D. (2003). The structure of the self concept and its relation to psychological adjustment. Journal of Personality, 71(1), 115-140. DOI: 10.1111/1467-6494.t01-1-00002

Carapeto, M. J. & Feixas, G. (2019). Self-Knowledge and Depressive Symptoms in Late Adolescence: A Study Using the Repertory Grid Technique. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 32:1, 81-97. https://doi.org/10.1080/10720537.2018.1433087.

Carapeto, M. J. & Feixas, G. (2020). The Organization of Self Knowledge in Adolescence: Some Contributions Using the Repertory Grid Technique. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 10(1), 408-423. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe10010031

Chen, S., Boucher, H. & Kraus, M. W. (2011). The relational self. In S. J. Schwartz, K. Luyckx & V. L. Vignoles (Eds.), Handbook of Identity Theory and Research (pp. 149-175). New York, N.Y.: Springer.

Cross, S. E., Bacon, P. L. & Morris, M. L. (2000). The relational-interdependent self-construal and relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 791-808.

Damásio, A. (2010). O Livro da Consciência: A Construção do Cérebro Consciente. Lisboa: Temas e Debates.

D’Argembeau A. (2015). Self-Knowledge. In A.W. Toga (Ed.), Brain Mapping: An Encyclopedic Reference (vol. 3) (pp. 35-39). Academic Press.

Denny, B. T., Kober, H., Wager, T. D. & Ochsner, K. N. (2012). A meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies of self-and other judgments reveals a spatial gradient for mentalizing in medial prefrontal cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 24(8), 1742-1752.

Epstein, S. (1973). The self-concept revisited. Or a Theory of a Theory. American Psychologist, 28, 404-414.

Erikson, E. (1959). Identity and the Life Cycle. New York: Norton.

Fischer, K. W. & Ayoub, C. (1994). Affective Splitting and Dissociation in normal and maltreated children: developmental pathways for self in relationships. In D. Cicchetti & S. L. Toth (Eds), Disorders and dysfunctions of the self. Rochester Symposium on Developmental Psychopathology (pp. 149-222). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.

Fischer, K. W. & Bidell, T. R. (2006). Dynamic development of action and thought. In W. Damon e R. M. Lerner (Eds.). Theoretical Models of Human Development. Handbook of Child Psychology (6ª Ed., Vol 1, pp. 313-399). New York: Wiley.

Gardner, H. & Davis, K. (2013). The App Generation: How Today’s Youth Navigate Identity, Intimacy, and Imagination in a Digital World. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Gergen, K. J. (1991). The Saturated Self: Dilemmas of Identity in Contemporary Life. New York: Basic Books.

Gillihan, S. J. & Farah, M. J. (2005). Is self special? A critical review of evidence from experimental psychology and cognitive neuroscience. Psychological Bulletin, 131(1), 76.

Harter, S. (2012). The construction of the self: Developmental and sociocultural foundations (2nd Ed.). New York, N.Y.: Guilford.

Hermans, H. J. (2018). Society in the self: A theory of identity in democracy. Oxford University Press.

Higgins, E. T. (1987). Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review, 94, 319-340.

Higgins, E. T. (1996). The “self digest”: self-knowledge serving self-regulatory functions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 1062-1083.

James, W. (1890). The Principles of Psychology. Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica.

Kashima, Y., Kashima, E., & Aldridge, J. (2001). Toward cultural dynamics of self-conceptions. In C. Sedikides & M. B. Brewer (Eds.), Individual Self, Relational Self, Collective Self (pp. 277-298). Philadelphia, USA: Psychology Press.

Kelly, G. A. (1955). The Psychology of Personal Constructs. New York: Norton & Company.

Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Emotion and adaptation. New York: Oxford University Press.

Legrand, D. & Ruby, P. (2009). What is self-specific? Theoretical investigation and critical review of neuroimaging results. Psychological Review, 116(1), 252.

Lichtwarck-Aschoff, A., van Geert, P., Bosma, H. & Kunnen, S. (2008). Time and identity: A framework for research and theory formation. Developmental Review, 28, 370–400. DOI:10.1016/j.dr.2008.04.001

Linville, P. W. (1987). Self-complexity as a cognitive buffer against stress-related illness and depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 663-676.

Markus, H. R. (1977). Self-schemata and processing information about the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 63-78.

Markus, H. R. & Kitayama, S. (2010). Cultures and selves. A cycle of mutual constitution. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5(4), 420-430. DOI: 10.1177/1745691610375557

Markus, H. R. & Kunda, Z. (1986). Stability and malleability of the self-concept. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 858-866.

Markus, H. R. & Nurius, P. (1986). Possible selves. American Psychologist, 41, 954-969.

Mason, T. B., Smith, K. E., Engwall, A., Lass, A., Mead, M., Sorby, M., ... & Wonderlich, S. (2019). Self-discrepancy theory as a transdiagnostic framework: A meta-analysis of self-discrepancy and psychopathology. Psychological Bulletin, 145(4), 372.

McAdams, D. P. & McLean, K. C. (2013). Narrative identity. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22(3), 233-238. DOI: 10.1177/0963721413475622

Mehling, W. E., Gopisetty, V., Daubenmier, J., Price, C. J., Hecht, F. M., & Stewart, A. (2009). Body awareness: Construct and self-report measures. PLoS ONE, 4, e5614.

Northoff, G., Heinzel, A., de Greck, M., Bermpohl, F., Dobrowolny, H. & Panksepp, J. (2006). Self-referential processing in our brain—a meta-analysis of imaging studies on the self. Neuroimage, 31(1), 440-457.

Nowak, A., Vallacher, R. R. & Zochowski, M. (2005). The emergence of personality: Dynamic foundations of individual variation. Developmental Review, 25(3), 351-385. DOI:10.1016/j.dr.2005.10.004

Oosterwegel, A. & Oppenheimer, L. (1993). The Self-System. Developmental Changes Between and Within Self- Concepts. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Philippi, C. L., Duff, M. C., Denburg, N. L., Tranel, D. & Rudrauf, D. (2012). Medial PFC damage abolishes the self-reference effect. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 24(2), 475-481.

Rafaeli-Mor, E. & Steinberg, J. (2002). Self-complexity and well-being: A review and research synthesis. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6, 31-58.

Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the Adolescence Self-Image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Rosenberg, M. (1986). Self-concept from middle childhood through adolescence. In J. Suls & A. G. Greenwald (Eds.), Psychological Perspectives on the Self (pp. 107-135). Hillsdale, NJ: Earlbaum.

Rosenberg, S. (1997). Multiplicity of selves. In R. D. Ashmore & L. Jussim, Self and Identity. Fundamental Issues (pp. 23-45). New York: Oxford University Press.

Shavelson, R. J., Hubner, J. J. & Stanton, G. C. (1976). Self-concept: Validation of construct interpretations. Review of Educational Research, 46, 407–441.

Showers, C. J. & Zeigler Hill, V. (2007). Compartmentalization and integration: The evaluative organization of contextualized selves. Journal of Personality, 75(6), 1181-1204. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00472.x

Van der Meulen, M. (2001). Developments in self-concept theory and research: affect, context and variability. In H. A. Bosma & E. S. Kunnen (Eds.), Identity and Emotion: Development Through Self-Organization (pp. 10-32). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Van Doeselaar, L. V., Becht, A. I., Klimstra, T. A., & Meeus, W. H. J. (2018). A review and integration of three key components of identity development. European Psychologist, 23(4), 278-288.