Afectación psicológica de los profesionales sanitarios de la gerencia de emergencias sanitarias de Castilla y León durante la pandemia Covid-19
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Resumo
Objetivo: Analizar los niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión de los profesionales sanitarios del Servicio de Emergencias Médicas (SEM) de Castilla y León durante la pandemia por COVID-19, así como determinar su asociación con determinados factores. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal en el que se incluyeron a todos los profesionales sanitarios que entre el 01/02/2021 y el 30/04/2021 se encontraban trabajando en el SEM de Castilla y León. Sus niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión, evaluado mediante la escala DASS-21, fueron los resultados principales del estudio. Se recogieron también variables socio-demográficas, laborales y relacionadas con la COVID-19 y se estudió su posible asociación con las variables psicológicas citadas mediante un análisis univariante y multivariante. Resultados: Los profesionales sanitarios del SEM obtuvieron una puntuación media de 19.60 (DE ± 11.14) para estrés, 12.30 (DE ± 11.45) para ansiedad y 15.14 (DE ± 11.52) para depresión. Ser mujer se asoció con valores graves o extremadamente graves de estrés (OR 1.861; IC95% 1.026-3.377), ansiedad (OR 3.319; IC95% 1.696-6.495) y depresión (OR 2.334; IC95% 1.275-4.272); haber precisado psicoterapia y/o psicofármacos previamente, con valores graves o extremadamente graves de estrés (OR 4.762; IC95% 2.332-9.728) y ansiedad (OR 4.059; IC95% 1.921-8.576); mientras que trabajar como TES, con valores graves o extremadamente graves de ansiedad (OR 5.143; IC95% 2.633- 10.049) y depresión (OR 2.211; IC95% 1.220-4.004). Conclusión: Los profesionales sanitarios del SEM de Castilla y León presentaron niveles medios-elevados de estrés, ansiedad y depresión durante la pandemia. Existen factores socio-demográficas, laborales y relacionados con la COVID-19 que se asocian con una mayor afectación psicológica.
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