Intervención en funciones ejecutivas en educación infantil

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Miriam Romero López
Alicia Benavides Nieto
María Fernández Cabezas
Mª Carmen Pichardo Martínez

Résumé

Las funciones ejecutivas definidas como el conjunto de procesos cognitivos de orden superior que permiten un comportamiento intencional y dirigido hacia un objetivo, son vitales para el éxito en la vida, en la escuela, y en el trabajo. Mejorar las funciones ejecutivas en las primeras etapas es muy importante porque los problemas en el funcionamiento ejecutivo, en la etapa preescolar, predicen los logros cognitivos en etapas posteriores y tienen un papel central en la preparación escolar y en la adquisición de las primeras habilidades académicas. Estudios recientes han encontrado relaciones positivas entre las capacidades de funcionamiento ejecutivo y la preparación de matemáticas en niños en edad preescolar. Igualmente, una extensa bibliografía sugiere una relación inversa entre las funciones ejecutivas y la conducta agresiva en los seres humanos. Por esta razón, el objetivo de la presente investigación es realizar una revisión de los programas y actividades destinados a la mejora de las funciones ejecutivas en la etapa preescolar. Diversas actividades y programas han demostrado mejorar las funciones ejecutivas de los niños, tales como los juegos computarizados, las artes marciales, el yoga, la atención plena y los programas incluidos en el currículum escolar. Los resultados de los estudios realizados sobre la aplicación de algunas de las actividades o programas mencionados son prometedores y sugieren que las diferentes estrategias pueden ser útiles para mejorar las funciones ejecutivas durante el período preescolar.

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Romero López, M., Benavides Nieto, A., Fernández Cabezas, M., & Pichardo Martínez, M. C. (2017). Intervención en funciones ejecutivas en educación infantil. Revista INFAD De Psicología. International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology., 3(1), 253–262. https://doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2017.n1.v3.994
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