Autoconhecimento: uma breve revisão narrativa
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Abstract
No final do século XIX, William James escreveu um dos primeiros e mais inspiradores documentos sobre o autoconhecimento da história da psicologia moderna. No entanto, só meados do século XX a literatura do autoconceito coloca definitivamente o autoconhecimento como tema de investigação científica sistemática. Desde então, a investigação não tem parado e, especialmente dos anos 80 do século XX em diante, importantes contributos têm vindo abrir novas direções até à atualidade. Apresenta-se aqui uma revisão narrativa não exaustiva de alguns desses contributos e novas direções. Entre outros, aborda-se a multiplicidade e a diversidade das representações que construímos sobre nós próprios; a sua organização estrutural, da estrutura como forma estática e reificada às concetualizações mais recentes de uma estrutura dinâmica; a estabilidade do autoconhecimento mas também a sua variabilidade; ou a relação do autoconhecimento com a adaptação ou as suas funções adaptativas; e uma nota sobre alguns dos contributos recentes das neurociências cognitivas. Em conclusão, a investigação e as teorias do autoconhecimento têm vindo a esboçar trajetórias de conciliação com a complexidade da experiência de si mesmo de cada indivíduo e com a riqueza conceptual dos primeiros autores, muito se devendo aos avanços também registados ao nível das metodologias de investigação e análise de dados.
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