Avances en la validación de un programa de reducción de estereotipos y prejuicios en personas mayores
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Аннотация
Las personas mayores han demostrado tener dificultad para inhibir estereotipos y prejuicios y es por ello que existe una necesidad creciente de desarrollar programas que reduzcan el sesgo intergrupal en las etapas avanzadas de la vida. En este trabajo se exponen los avances en la validación de la aplicación multimedia para mejorar la autorregulación de la conducta en personas mayores. La intervención tiene como objetivo reducir el prejuicio implícito y el estereotipo, así como el prejuicio explícito. Los resultados de la aplicación multimedia muestran su validación como medio y la efectividad de los valores como variable moduladora en la reducción de los niveles automáticos de prejuicio.
Скачивания
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Aquellos autores/as que tengan publicaciones con esta revista, aceptan los términos siguientes:
- Los autores/as conservarán sus derechos de autor y garantizarán a la revista el derecho de primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la Licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros copiar y redistribuir el material en cualquier medio o formato bajo los siguientes términos: —se debe dar crédito de manera adecuada, brindar un enlace a la licencia, e indicar si se han realizado cambios. Puede hacerlo en cualquier forma razonable, pero no de forma tal que sugiera que usted o su uso tienen el apoyo de la licenciante (Atribución); — no se puede hacer uso del material con propósitos comerciales (No Comercial); — si se remezcla, transforma o crea a partir del material, no podrá distribuirse el material modificado (Sin Derivadas).
- Los autores/as podrán adoptar otros acuerdos de licencia no exclusiva de distribución de la versión de la obra publicada (p. ej.: depositarla en un archivo telemático institucional o publicarla en un volumen monográfico) siempre que se indique la publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y recomienda a los autores/as difundir su obra a través de Internet (p. ej.: en archivos telemáticos institucionales o en su página web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, lo cual puede producir intercambios interesantes y aumentar las citas de la obra publicada. (Véase El efecto del acceso abierto).
Este obra está bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 4.0 Internacional.
Библиографические ссылки
Aberson, C. L., & Haag, S. C. (2007). Contact, perspective taking, and anxiety as predictors of stereotype endorsement, explicit attitudes, and implicit attitudes. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 10, 179-201.
Allport, G. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Cambridge, Mass.: Addison-Wesley.
Alvarez del Castillo, J. L. . (2005). Las metas en la reducción del prejuicio automático: experimentando la discrepancia. Psicothema, 17, 71-75.
Alvarez, J.L.; Palmero, M.C. & Jiménez , A. (2011). Recognizing the importance of prejudice reduction in university programs for older adults. Evaluation of perspective taking, Educational Gerontology, 37, pp. 164-190
Amodio, D. M., & Devine, P. G. (2006). Stereotyping and evaluation of implicit race bias: Evidence for independent constructs and unique effects on behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 652-661.
Bailey, P. E., & Henry, J. D. (2008). Growing less empathic eith age: Disinhibition of the self-perspective. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 63B, 219-226.
Bargh, J. A. (2005). Bypassing the will: Towards demystifing the nonconscious control of social behavior. En R. R. Hassin, J. S. Uleman & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), The new unconscious (pp. 37-60). New York: Oxford Universty Press.
Batson, C. D., Polycarpou, M. P., Harmon-Jones, E., Imhoff, H. J., Mitchner, E. C., Bednar, L. L., Klein, T. R., & Highberger, L. (1997). Empathy and attitudes: Can feeling for a member of a stigmatized group improve feelings toward the group? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 105-118.
Blair, I. V. (2001). Implicit stereotypes and prejudice. En G. Moskowitz (Ed.), Cognitive social psychology: The Princeton Symposium on the legacy and future of social cognition (pp. 359-374). Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Blair, I. V. (2002). The malleability of automatic stereotypes and prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6, 242-261.
Crisp, R.J. & Hewstone, M. (2007). Multiple social categorization. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 163-254.
Cuddy, A. J. C., Norton, M. I., & Fiske, S. T. (2005). This old stereotype: The pervasiveness and persistence of the elderly stereotype. Journal of Social Issues, 61, 267-285.
Dasgupta, N. (2004). Implicit ingroup favoritism, outgroup favoritism, and their behavioral manifestations. Social Justice Research, 17, 143-169.
Devine, P. G. (1989). Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 5-18.
Dijksterhuis, A., Chartrand, T. L., & Aarts, H. (2007). Effects of priming and perception on social behavior and goal pursuit. En J. A. Bargh (Ed.), Social Psychology and the unconscious. The automaticity of higher mental processes (pp. 51-131). New York: Psychology Press.
Ekehammar, B., & Akrami, N. (2007). Personality and Prejudice: From Big Five Personality Factors to Facets. Journal of Personality 75, 5, 899-925.
Epley, N., Keysar, B., Van Boven, L., & Gilovich, T. (2004). Perspective taking as egocentric anchoring and adjustment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 327-339.
Epley, N., Morewedge, C. K., & Keysar, B. (2004). Perspective taking in children and adults: Equivalent egocentrism but differential correction. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 760-768.
Feather, N. T., & McKee, I. R. (2008). Values and prejudice: Predictors of attitudes towards Australian Aborigines. Australian Journal of Psychology, 60, 80-90.
Fiske, S. T. (2000). Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination at the seam between the centuries: Evolution, culture, mind, and brain. European Journal of Social Psychology, 30, 299-322.
Flynn, F. J. (2005). Having an open mind: The impact of openness to experience on interracial attitudes and impression formation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 816-826.
Galinsky, A. D. (2002). Creating and reducing intergroup conflict: The role of perspective-taking in affecting outgroup evaluations. En N. M. A. Mannix, E. A. Mannix & H. Sondak (Eds.), Toward phenomenology of groups and group membership (Vol. 4, pp. 85-113). Greenwich, CT: JAI.
Galinsky, A. D., & Ku, G. (2004). The effects of perspective-taking on Prejudice: The moderating role of self-evaluation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 594-604.
Galinsky, A. D., & Moskowitz, G. B. (2000). Perspective-taking: Decreasing stereotype expression, stereotype accessibility, and in-group favoritism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 708-724.
Galinsky, A. D., Ku, G., & Wang, C. S. (2005). Perspective-taking and self-other overlap: Fostering social bonds and facilitating social coordination. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 8, 109-124.
Gonsalkorale, K., Sherman, J. W., & Klauer, K. C. (2009). Aging and prejudice: Diminished regulation of automatic race bias among older adults. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 410-414.
Hernández, C. R., & González, M. Z. (2008). Effects of intergenerational interaction on aging. Educational Gerontology, 34, 292-305.
Hewstone, M. (2000). Contact and categorization: social psychological interventions to change intergroup relations. In Steretotypes and Prejudice: Essential Readings, ed. C., Stangor, (pp.394-418. New York: psychology Press.
Hillman, J., & Martin, R. A. (2002). Lessons about gay and lesbians lives: A spaceship exercise. Teaching of Psychology, 29, 308-311.
Hippel, W. Von Silver, L. A., & Lynch, M. E. (2000). Stereotyping against your will: The role of inhibitory ability in stereotyping and prejudice among the elderly. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 523-532.
Hodson, G. (2009). The puzzling person-situation schism in prejudice research. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 247-248.
Kawakami, K., Phills, C. E., Steele, J. R., & Dovidio, J. F. (2007). (Close) distance makes the heart grow fonder. Improving implicit racial attitudes and interracial interactions through approach behaviors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 957-971.
Kunda, Z., & Spencer, S. J. (2003). When do stereotypes come to mind and when do they color judgment? A goal-based theoretical framework for stereotype activation and application. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 522-544.
Luis, I.; González, H., Alvarez, J.L, Palmero, C. y Jiménez A (2011).: La reducción de prejuicios sociales en personas mayores en Culturas y mestizajes iberotropicales, Massangana, Recife, Brasil, pp. 806-855
Olson, M. A., & Fazio, R. H. (2003). Relations between implicit measures of prejudice: What are we measuring? Psychological Science, 14, 636-639.
Olson, M. A., & Fazio, R. H. (2006). Reducing automatically activated racial prejudice through implicit evaluative conditioning. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 421-433.
Palacios, C. S., Torres, M. V. T., & Mena, M. J. B. (2009). Negative aging stereotypes and their relation with psychosocial variables in the elderly population. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 48, 385-390.
Palmero, C. Jiméez, A.; García, E., Luis, I; Torre, T y Gañan, A. (2012). Diseño y evlauación de multimedia innovadora para la reducción de prejuicios y estereotipia en personas mayors. International Joyrnal of Developmenteal and Educational Psychology, 2 (1) 71-78.
Paluck, E. L., & Green, D. P. (2009). Prejudice reduction: What works? A review and assessment of research and practice. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 339-367.
Payne, B. K., & Stewart, B. D. (2007). Automatic and controlled components of social cognition: A process dissociation approach. En J. A. Bargh (Ed.), Social Psychology and the unconscious. The automaticity of higher mental processes (pp. 293-315). New York: Psychology Press.
Pettigrew, T. F. (2006). A two-level approach to anti-immigrant prejudice and discrimination. En R. Mahalingam (Ed.), Cultural psychology of immigrants (pp. 95-112). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Pettigrew, T. F. (2008). Future directions for intergroup contact theory and research. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 32, 187-199.
Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2005). Allport’s Intergroup Contact Hypothesis: Its history and influence. En J. F. Dovidio, P. Glick & L. A. Rudman (Eds.), On the nature of prejudice: Fifty years after Allport (pp. 36-53). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2006). A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 751-783.
Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2008). How does intergroup contact reduce prejudice? Meta-analytic tests of three mediators. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 922-934.
Quillian, L. (2006). New approaches to understanding racial prejudice and discrimination. Annual Review of Sociology, 32, 299-328.
Quillian, L. (2008). Does unconscious racism exist? Social Psychology Quarterly, 71, 6-11.
Radvansky, G. A., Lynchard, N. A., & von Hippel, W. (2009). Aging and stereotype suppression. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 16, 22-32.
Rudman, L. A., Ashmore, R. D., & Gary, M. L. (2001). “Unlearning” automatic biases: The malleability of implicit prejudice and stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 856-868.
Schneider, D. J. (2004). The psychology of stereotyping. New York: The Guilford Press.
Schwartz, S. H. (1994). Are there universal aspects in the content and structure of values? Journal of Social Issues, 50, 19-45.
Sibley, C., & Duckitt, J. (2008). Personality and prejudice: A meta-analysis and theoretical review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 12, 248-279.
Stephan, W.G., y Stephan, C.W. (2001) Improving Intergroup Relations. Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage Stewart, B. D., Von Hippel, W., &
Radvansky, G. A. (2009). Age, race, and implicit prejudice: Using process dissociation to separate the underlying components. Psychological Science, 20, 164-168.
Vescio, T. K., Sechrist, G. B., & Paolucci, M. P. (2003). Perspective taking and prejudice reduction: The mediational role of empathy arousal and situational attribution. European Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 455-472.
Weyant, J. M. (2007). Perspective Taking as a Means of Reducing Negative Stereotyping of Individuals Who Speak English as a Second Language. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 37, 703-716.
Wheeler, S. C., & Petty, R. E. (2001). The effects of stereotype activation on behavior: A review of possible mechanisms. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 797-826.
Wittenbrink, B., Judd, C. M., & Park, B. (2001). Spontaneous prejudice in context: Variability in automatically activated attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 815-827.